Why Surah Fatiha is called Ummul Quran

A farkon littafin Tafsiri, a cikin sahihinsa, Bukhari ya ce; ''ana ce mata Ummu Al-Kitab ne, saboda Alkur'ani yana farawa da itane, kuma saboda ana fara salla ne da karantata''. 

Ibn Jarir ya ce, ''Larabawa suna kiran duk wani abu mai kama da wanda ya kunshi fage da dama da sunan Ummu. Misali, suna kiran fatar da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa, Umm Ar-Ra's. Suna kuma kiran tutar da ke tara darajojin dakaru da Ummu.’’ Ya kuma ce, “Makka ana kiranta Ummu Al-Qura, (Uwar Kauyuka) domin ita ce babba kuma shugabar dukkan kauyuka. An kuma ce tun daga Makka aka fara yin kasa”.

Sannan Imam Ahmad ya ruwaito cewa Abu Huraira ya ruwaito game da Ummu Al-Qur'ani cewa Annabi ya ce: (Ummu Al-Qur'ani ce, ayoyi bakwai da aka maimaita, kuma Alqur'ani mai girma). 

Haka nan Abu Ja’afar, Muhammad bin Jarir At-Tabari ya riwaito Abu Huraira ya ce: “Manzon Allah ya ce game da fatiha:

"(Ummu Al-Qur'ani ce, Fatiha (Mabudin Alqur'ani) da kuma ayoyi bakwai da aka maimaita".

In the beginning of the Book of Tafsir, in his Sahih, Al-Bukhari said; ''It is called Umm Al-Kitab, because the Qur'an starts with it and because the prayer is started by reciting it.'' It was also said that it is called Umm Al-Kitab, because it contains the meanings of the entire Qur'an. Ibn Jarir said, ''The Arabs call every comprehensive matter that contains several specific areas an Umm. 

For instance, they call the skin that surrounds the brain, Umm Ar-Ra's. They also call the flag that gathers the ranks of the army an Umm.'' He also said, ''Makkah was called Umm Al-Qura, (the Mother of the Villages) because it is the grandest and the leader of all villages. It was also said that the earth was made starting from Makkah.''

Further, Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah narrated about Umm Al-Qur'an that the Prophet said,

«هِيَ أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ وَهِيَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي وَهِيَ الْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيمُ»

(It is Umm Al-Qur'an, the seven repeated (verses) and the Glorious Qur'an.)

Also, Abu Ja`far, Muhammad bin Jarir At-Tabari recorded Abu Hurayrah saying that the Messenger of Allah said about Al-Fatihah,

«هِيَ أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ وَهِيَ فَاتِحَةُ الْكِتَابِ وَهِيَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي»

(It is Umm Al-Qur'an, Al-Fatihah of the Book (the Opener of the Qur'an) and the seven repeated (verses).)

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